List of Causes of xerostomia ( Dry mouth)

More comprehensive list of causes of dry mouth

Iatrogenic causes: drugs

• Atropine, atropinics and hyoscine

• Antidepressants: tricyclic (e.g. amitriptyline, nortriptyline, clomipramine and dosulepin), selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (e.g. fluoxetine), lithium and someother antidepressants

• Antihypertensives: may also cause a compositional change in saliva. α1 antagonists (e.g. terazosin and prazosin) and α2 agonists (e.g. clonidine) may reduce salivary flow. Beta blockers (e.g. atenolol, propranolol) reduce protein levels

• Phenothiazines

• Antihistamines

• Antireflux agents, such as proton-pump inhibitors (e.g. omeprazole)

• Opioids

• Cytotoxic drugs

• Retinoids

• Bupropion

• Others, such as:

• Protease inhibitors

• Didanosine

• Diuretics

• Ephedrine

• Benzodiazepines

• Interleukin-2

Other iatrogenic causes

• Irradiation

• External beam

• Radioiodine

• Graft-versus-host disease

Salivary gland disease

• Salivary aplasia (agenesis)

• Sjögren syndrome

• Sarcoidosis

• Parotidectomy

• Cystic fibrosis

• Ectodermal dysplasia

• Primary biliary cirrhosis

• Infections [HIV, hepatitis C, EBV, human T lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)]

• Other viruses

• Autonomic cholinergic dysfunction

Dehydration

Psychogenic