Circulatory system physiology Multiple choice questions(MCQ) with Answers

   

     1.     Blood volume

    

a.     Can be measured by a dilution technique using inulin

b.     Is approximately 7% of the body weight of an adult

c.      Relative to the body weight in an infant is less than in an adult

d.     Is decreased by long residence at high altitude

e.     Is increased in pregnancy

     2.     With knowledge of the packed cell volume following can be used to measure the blood volume

a.     Chromium labelled red blood cells

b.     Inulin

c.      Sodium thiocyanate

d.     Evans blue

e.     Iodinated human serum albumin

     3.     Cytotoxic killer cells

a.     Kill by releasing perforins into the target cells

b.     Formation is stimulated by helper T cells

c.      Do not play a role in the development of autoimmunity

d.     Are increased in transplant recipients

e.     Stimulate humoral immunity

     4.     Eosinophilia occurs in

a.     Asthma

b.     Acute bacterial infection

c.      Helminthic infestation

d.     Military TB

e.     Hepatic cirrhosis

     5.     Increased eosinophils are found in

a.     TB

b.     Syphilis

c.      Acute adenitis

d.     Hodgkin’s disease

e.     Lymphosarcoma

     6.     Plasma cells

a.     Are strongly phagocytic

b.     Are normally present in bone marrow

c.      Contains large amount of RNA

d.     Synthesizes proteins

e.     Produces immunoglobulins

     7.     Lymphocytes

                a.     Are found only in the lymph nodes

                b.     Have a shorter life than neutrophils

                c.      Can be transformed into blast cells

                d.     Stimulated to multiply by corticosteroids

                e.     Are particularly sensitive to radiation

     8.     T lymphocytes

                a.     Do not participate in humoral immunity

                b.     Are responsible for the production of lymphokines

                c.      Are transformed into plasma cells

                d.     Are activated by interleukins

                e.     Are significantly depleted in the AIDS complex

     9.     Red blood cells

a.     Haemolyse in hypertonic saline

b.     Disintegrate to release erythropoietin

c.      Are relatively inelastic

d.     Are smaller than normal in foliate deficiency

e.     Are smaller than normal in iron deficiency

     10.Haemoglobin

a.     Contains ferric irons

b.     May be oxidized to methaemoglobin

c.      Combines with carbon dioxide

d.     Is a stronger acid when oxygenated

e.     Has the same molecular structure as myoglobin

     11.Haemoglobin

a.     Has a greater affinity for carbon monoxide than for oxygen

b.     Is not filtered at the renal glomeruli

c.      Has the same molecular weight as myoglobin

d.     Is formed in the healthy adult at a rate of about 6g/day

e.     Concentration in red cells rises in macrocytic anaemia

     12. Fetal haemoglobin

a.     Has one iron atom per molecule

b.     Has a different amino acid composition in globin as compared with adult haemoglobin

c.      Has an O2 dissociation curve shifted to the right as compared to adult haemoglobin

d.     Is present in the blood in sickle cell disease

e.     Oxygen uptake is not affected by chances in the pCO2

     13.Diagnostic features of homozygous thalassaemia include

a.     Hypochromia

b.     Reduction in HbA2

c.      Increase in HbF

d.     Normal or high serum iron

e.     Megaloblasts in the bone marrow

     14.Following are frequently seen in sickle cell disease in the adult

a.     Splenomegaly

b.     Jaundice

c.      Dysphagia

d.     Aseptic necrosis of bone

e.     Leg ulcers

     15.The age of 70 years red cell formation is found in the bone marrow of

a.     Femur

b.     Tibia

c.      Vertebrae

d.     Sternum

e.     Ribs

     16.Erythropoiesis

a.     In the fetus takes place in liver and spleen

b.     Is stimulated by hypoxia

c.      Is increased in hypothyroidism

d.     Is decreased in myeloid leukaemia

e.     Stimulated by aldosterone

     17.Erythropoietin

a.     Cases a rise in the reticulocyte percentage

b.     Level in blood is reduced after bilateral nephrectomy

c.      Is essential for the synthesis of haemoglobin

d.     Is a glycoprotein

e.     Is secreted by cells in the bone marrow

     18.Erythropoietin

a.     Is secreted by cells of the liver

b.     Secretion is increased in cyanotic congenital heart disease

c.      Level in plasma is increased during residence in high altitude

d.     Increases the number of red cell precursors in bone marrow

e.     Has an immediate action in increasing the circulating red cells

     19.Red cell breakdown products increase

a.     Plasma bilirubin

b.     Porphyrins in the urine

c.      Haemosiderin depositon

d.     Plasma alkaline phosphate

e.     Blood uric acid concentration

     20.Bilirubin

a.     Is mainly produced in the liver

b.     In the unconjugated state is moderately soluble in water

c.      Is conjugated with glucoronic acid in the liver

d.     Is converted to urobillinogen in the liver

e.     Is found in the urine in haemolytic anaemia

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Answers for RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY-MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ) - LUNG MECHANICS

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01.  Increased respiratory minute volume occurs with

a. F - 100mmHg is the normal arterial partial pressure of oxygen

b. T - This is prominent in animals as a thermo regulatory mechanism

c. F - Brain damage suppress the respiratory center

d. T - As a compensatory mechanism

e. T - Reduction in P O2


02. Increased in respiratory minute volume at rest occurs with

a. T

b. T - Increase is marked in P O2 lower than 60 mm Hg

c. Haemoglobin does not affect the partial pressure and partial pressure is due to dissolved oxygen

d. CO2 is a activator of central chemo receptors. But CO2 concentration more than 7% causes respiratory center inhibition due to CNS suppression.

e. F - Inhibit respiration


03. Airway resistance to air flow

a. F

b. T

c. T - Haeliox a treatment for asthma

d. T - As density of air reduces

e. T - Obstructive pulmonary disorder


04. During quite respiration

a. T

b. F - During expiration it becomes positive

c. F - Functional residual capacity

d. F

e. T


05. During maximal inspiration in a healthy adult

a. F -20mmHg

b. F - Increases

c. F - Contracts

d. T

e. F


06. During inspiration there is an increase in

a. T

b. F

c. F - Reduction

d. F - Reduction

e. F- Reduction


07. Regarding pressure changes during respiration

a. F

b. F- 5mmHg

c. T

d. T

e. F- Never Rises


08. Intra- pleural pressure

a.T

b. T

c. F

d. F.

e. T

Respiratory system Physiology-Multiple choice Questions (MCQ) - Lung Mechanics

Please Mark True or False

01.  Increased respiratory minute volume occurs with

a. Arterial pO2 of 100mmHg

b. Rise in body temperature

c. Brain damage

d. Renal tubular acidosis

e. Lowered barometric pressure


02. Increased in respiratory minute volume at rest occurs with

a. Acute rise in arterial pCO2

b. Arterial pO2 of 65 mmHg

c. Haemoglobin of 5g/dl

d. Breathing air containing 5% CO2

e. Rise in arterial blood pressure


03. Airway resistance to air flow

a. Varies directly with the velocity of flow

b. Varies directly with the fourth power of the radius

c. Is reduced when breathing helium – oxygen gas mixture

d. Is decreased at high altitude

e. Is increased in asthma


04. During quite respiration

a. Intra- pleural pressure is always sub atmospheric

b. Intra-alveolar pressure is always sub atmospheric

c. Volume of air left in the lungs at the end of expiration constitutes the residual volume

d. Volume of air left in the lungs at the end of inspiration constitutes the vital capacity

e. External intercostal muscles contract in the inspiratory phase


05. During maximal inspiration in a healthy adult

a. Intra pleural pressure rises to about 2 mm Hg

b. Venous return decreased

c. Skeletal muscles of the diaphragm relaxes

d. Alveolar ventilation increases

e. Heart rate is reduced


06. During inspiration there is an increase in

a. Intra-abdominal pressure

b. Intra- pulmonary

c. Intra- pleural pressure

d. Intra- oesophageal pressure

e. Intra thoracic pressure


07. Regarding pressure changes during respiration

a. Intra- pleural pressure is nearly equal to intra oesophageal pressure

b. During quite inspiration in an adult intra pleural pressure is about 6 mm Hg

c. During quite expiration the intra pleural pressure is slightly below atmospheric pressure

d. During quite expiration the intra pulmonary pressure is slightly above atmospheric pressure

e. Intra pleural pressure rises above atmospheric pressure with a forced expiration


08. Intra- pleural pressure

a. Is subatmospheric throughout normal inspiration and expiration

b. Becomes more subatmospheric with inspiration

c. Can be assessed by measuring intra gastric pressure

d. Become less subatmospheric during inspiration with a high air way resistane.

e. Rises above atmospheric pressure with a forced expiration against resistance.

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Answers for MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ) ON LUNG VOLUMES IN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM with explanations

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01.

a. T - This response is the definition of TIDAL Volume

b. F - Residual volume is the amount of air in the lungs after a Forceful expiration

c. F - It ranges between 1.3 L to 1.5 L

d. T - This is the definition for the Residual volume

e. F - Air inspired with a maximal inspiratory effort after a quite normal INSPIRATION is called    inspiratory reserve volume.

02. 

a. T

b. F - Not ventilated. Maximum amount of air that can be  either inspired or expired in one breath. This includes Inspiratory reserve volume + Tidal volume + Expiratoyr reserve volume

c. F- residual capacity is the amount of air in the lungs after normal tidal expiration. That is 2.5 L

d. T

e. T

03.

a. T

b. F - Acconts for the difference in alvolar air and artirial P Co2

c. F - reduced as increased blood flow reduces areas of sluggish blood flow through lungs

d. F- This is anatomical dead space

e. T -Physiological dead space includes the anatomical dead space

04.

a. F

b. T - Due to increased fibrosis in the lungs

c. T

d. F - About 2.5 L

e. T

05.

a. F - Following tidal expiration

b. F - 2.5 L

c. T

d. T - Restrictive diseases increases FRC and Residual volume

e.  T- Due to abdominal content is pushed towards the lung 

06.

a. T

b. F

c. T

d. T

e. T - Due to fluid occupying air space 

07.

a. F - Reduced

b. T

c. T

d. T

e. F - As alveolar air is trapped in asthma respiratory air has enough time for the diffusion,. Existing oxygen diffuses effectively

08.

a. T

b. T

c. F

d. T - Blood flow to the lung reduces

e. F - Reduces as anatomical dead space reduces.(Air way volume in Nose, Pharynx and larynx is reduced)

09.

a. F (30%)

b. F -Ventilation and Perfusion mismatch increases the physiological dead space

c. T

d. T - Reduced intra thoracic pressure expands the air way too

e. F - No difference

10.

a. F - This is useful in assessing obstructive lung diseases

b. F - Reduces

c. T

d. T

e. T - Normal FEV time is 4.5s, it increases in obstructive lung diseases in more than 5s

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) on Lung Volumes in Respiratory System

1 Regarding lung volumes,

      a. Tridal volume is the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each breath
      b. Residual volume is the amount of air in the lungs after a normal expiration
      c. Residual volume is approximately 2 L in a healthy adult
      d. Physiological dead space is the volume of gas not equilibrating with blood
      e. Air inspired with a maximal inspiratory effort after a quite normal expiration is called    inspiratory reserve volume.

2 Regarding lung volumes

a.    Tridal volume in a normal resting adult is approximately 500 ml

b.    Vital capacity is the maximal volume that can be ventilated in a single breath

c.     Residual capacity is the sum of inspiratory volume and the residual volume

d.     Residual volume is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal tidal expiration

e.     Residual volume can be measured by helium dilution technique

3  Physiological dead space

a.     Can be calculated from measurement of tidal volume CO2 content of expired air and alveolar air

b.     Accounts for the difference in composition of alveolar air and expired air

c.      Is increased immediately after exercise

d.     Explains the relative increase in effective alveolar ventilation during shallow breathing

e.      Is greater than the anatomical dead space

4  Functional residual capacity

a.    Can be measured using only a spirometer

b.    Decreased significantly with age

c.     Is less in the supine position than in the standing position

d.     Is about 1 L in health

e.     Equals expiratory reserve volume plus residual volume

5.  Functional residual capacity is

       a.The volume of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration

       b.About 3L in the normal adult

       c. Decreased when standing from the prone position

      d. Increased in emphysematous diseased of the lungs

      e.  Decreased in pregnancy

6.  Functional residual capacity is reduced

     a. when the subject assumes the supine from the upright position

     b. In emphysema

     c. In pulmonary fibrosis

     d. With collapse of one lobe

     e. In pulmonary oedema

7.  Physiological dead space is increased in

    a. Endotracheal intubation

    b. General anaesthesia

    c. Severe hypovolaemia

    d. Pulmonary embolus

    e. Bronchial asthma

8. Physiological dead space is increased under the following conditions

   a.  Alveoli which are perfused with blood but not receiving ventilation

   b.  Rapid shallow breathing

   c. Carbon monoxide breathing

   d. Right to left shunt in the atria

   e.  After tracheostomy

9.  Anatomical dead space is

  a. Approximately 2% of tidal volume

  b.  Increased in ventilation perfusion mismatch

  c.  Decreased with tracheostomy

  d.  Increased during inspiration

  e.  Increased pulmonary embolism

10. Ratio of FEV1 to FVC

  a.  Is a useful way of assessing the severity of restrictive lung disease

  b.  Is increased in obstructive lung disease

  c.  Is decreased in chronic bronchitis

  d.  Can be increased by the inhalation of bronchodilators in asthma

  e. Is probably less than 50% if forced expiratory time is more than 6 s

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