Ebola Virus [Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) ]

What is Ebola?

Ebola is a virus which causes rare but deadly disease Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola

hemorrhagic fever (EHF) which is a disease of humans and other primates. Symptoms start two days to three weeks after contact with the virus. Symptoms area fever, sore throat, muscle pain, and headaches. Typically nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea follow, along with decreased functioning of the liver and kidneys. Around this time, affected people may begin to bleed both within the body and externally.

Ebola’s natural reservoir is unknown.Non human primates have been the source of human infections but are not thought to be the reservoirs.

Ebola Taxonomy or Scientific Classification

Order: Mononegavirales

  Family: Filoviridae

  Genus: Ebola like viruses

  Species: Ebola 

Subtypes  

Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan,Ebola-Ivory Coast-disease in humans

Ebola-Reston-disease in nonhuman primates

Filoviridae or “Filoviruses”

•          Most mysterious virus group

•          Pathogenesis poorly understood

•          Ebola

–        Natural history/reservoirs unknown

–        Exist throughout the world

–        Endemic to Africa

–        Filamentous ssRNA^- (antisense) viruses

History

Named after the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), near the first epidemics.

Two species were identified in 1976:

• Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV)
• Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV)

Case fatality rates of 83% and 54% respectively.

A third species, Reston ebolavirus (REBOV), was discovered in November 1989 in a group of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) imported from the Philippines.

Ivory Coast ebolavirus – Only one case. Unlucky scientist.

Outbreaks of EBOLA

Most Recent Incident

April 25 – June 16 2005 total of 12 cases including 9 deaths were reported in Etoumbi and Mbomo in the Cuvette Quest Region

Ebola Pathogenesis

•          Enters Bloodstream

–         Skin, membranes, Open wounds

•          Cell Level

–         Socks with cell membrane

•          Viral RNA

–        Released into cytoplasm

–        Production new viral proteins/ genetic material

•           New viral genomes

–        Rapidly coated in protein

–        Create cores

•          Viral cores

–        Stack up in cell

–        Migrate to the cell surface

–        Produce trans-membrane proteins

–        Push through cell surface

–        Become enveloped by cell membrane

•          ssRNA^- Genome Mutations

–        Capable of rapid mutation

–        Very adaptable to evade host defenses and environmental change

•          Theory

–         Virus evolved to occupy special niches in the wild

Modes of Transmission

There are 3 modes of infection

1. Unsterilized needles
2. Suboptimal Hospital conditions
3. Personal contact

Symptoms and Diagnostic Tests

•          Early symptoms

–        Muscle aches, fever, vomiting

–        Red eyes, skin rash, diarrhea, stomach pain

–        Acute symptoms

–        Bleeding/hemorrhaging from skin, orifices, internal organs

–        Onset of fever.

–        Intense weakness.

–        Muscle Pain.

–        Headache.

–        Soar Throat.

–        Vommitting, Diarrhoea.

–        Impaired Kidnay and liver function

•          Early Diagnosis

•          Very difficult

•          Signs & symptoms very similar to other infections

•          Laboratory Test for the diagnosis of Ebola Virus

•          PCR detection

•          ELISA (enzyme-linked immuno-absorbant) assay

Is there a cure for Ebola?

•          There are no known curative medications for Ebola.

•          However, there have been very recent developments in preventative medications.

•          No Standard Treatment available

•          Patients receive supportive therapy

•          Treating complicating infections

•          Balancing patient’s fluids and electrolytes

•          Maintaining oxygen status and blood pressure

•          No vaccines!

•          Patients are isolated

•          Medical Staff Training

•          Western sanitation practices

•          Intake

•          Care during stay

•          After patient dies

•          Infection-control Measures

•          complete equipment and area sterilization

Vaccines

•          In June, Jones and his colleagues, Dr. Heinz Feldmann of Winnipeg and Dr. Thomas Geisbert at Fort Detrick, Maryland announced that they had successfully vaccinated monkeys against the deadly Ebola virus

•          The Ebola vaccine is based on the 1976 strain of the Zaire species and protects from the 1995, but not the other 2 species that affect humans.

Risk of Bioterrorism?

Airborne transmission of Ebola Zaire has been demonstrated in monkeys in a controlled laboratory experiment

Plum Island…?

Prevention

After Death

Virus contagious in fluids for days

•          Burial use extreme caution

–        Handling and transport

–        Cultural practices/ religious belief

–        Incinerate all waste!!!!

–        Protective clothing

–        Body sealed in body bag and coffin

–        Sanitation of all equipment before and after

–        Risk for exposure special steps need to be taken to protect the family and community from illness.

–        Family only

–        Why open casket not possible

–        Some practices cannot be done

Conclusion

•          Reservoirs in Nature

–        Largely unknown

–        Possibly infected animals (primates?)

•          Transmission

–        Direct contact blood/secretions of infected person

–        Possible airborne (Reston primate facility)

•          Onset of illness abrupt

–        Incubation period:  2 to 21 days

–        Infections are acute and mostly deadly

Latest Morbidity and Mortality Reports

Ebola-Reston Virus Infection Among Quarantined Nonhuman Primates -- Texas, 1996

Report describes death and blood testing of cynomolgus monkey imported from the Philippines held in a private quarantine facility in Texas

•          Outbreak of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever ---Uganda, August 2000--January 2001

–        Report describes surveillance and control activities related to the EHF outbreak

–        Presents preliminary clinical and epidemiologic findings

Ebola Information Posters

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Cure for the Cancer with Manioc-The story of Dr.Cynthia Jayasooriya

Dr.Cynthia Jayasooriya is a Sri Lankan Doctor, who led the pathway for the researchers to find new “Cure for the cancer”. Curiosity which made her to find a cure for her own disease might have opened the gates for the researcher to find a cure for the cancer. This is her story.

Dr.Cynthia Jayasooriya had a Cancer in her Urethra seven years ago, where her one Kidney, Urethra and Part of Bladder was surgically removed as a treatment. Then she had undergone radiotherapy for the abdominal region as the second part of the treatment. She had regular checkups in following years and she had a healthy normal life after that. After seven years of surgery she suddenly observed blood in her urine. Immediately she had undergone investigations, where they have found it was a secondary deposit of Urethral cancer which she had previously. But this time it was in the urinary bladder. Dr.Cynthia Jayasooriya had the second surgery to remove cancer form her bladder.

Her curiosity made her a researcher to search about a cure for this life threatening disease. Suddenly she came across a treatment where, eating Apricot Nut as a treatment for the cancer without chemotherapy by Americans and Australians. Apricot nut contains Vitamin B17. Vitamin B 17 was found by British Doctor who was working in Afghanistan several decades ago. In an area in Afghanistan people used to weigh the wealth by the number of Apricot trees they have in their garden. They used to chew and eat this Apricot nut as a habit and this British doctor observed people in this area are cancer free. That was decades ago.

It was difficult for Dr.Cynthia Jayasooriya to find Apricot in Sri Lanka. Then she searched whether there are any Fruits, vegetables or plant in Sri Lanka, which is rich in Vitamin B 17. She found that there is a high amount of Vitamin B17. Then she started eating Manioc every day. She used to eat around 100 grams every day for more than a month. At her appointment with her oncologist next month she had done a cytoscopy in the urinary bladder. Amazingly it was perfectly healthy. Then she had undergone a Biopsy. There they couldn’t even find a suitable site for the biopsy. Bladder was that much healthy.

She was very much enthusiastic with the results and she started to tell what she had achieved with “Manioc”. She repeated the test and every time it was perfectly healthy.

What is happening in the cells with Vitamin B17

• In a Normal cell cellular metabolism converts Vitamin B17 in to 3 Sugar molecules

•  In a Cancer cell where cells were less differentiated and enzymes act in a strange way than a normal cell, Vitamin B 17 converts into Sugar molecules+Benzaldehyde+HCN (Hydrocyanic Acid) which is toxic to the cell and destroys the cell.

If you do not prepare “Manioc” Properly to eat it could be Toxic and Life threatening some times.

How should you prepare “Manioc?”

1. Always choose fresh and undamaged “Manioc” not grayish and damaged.
2. When you boil “Manioc”, remember never to close the lid. Always keep it open.
3. Remember not to eat or drink ginger containing food and beverages at least 8 hours after you eat “Manioc”

After Dr.Cynthia had been recovered, she used to tell her story with her friends and few of her friends who were suffering from cancers, had good results with it.

• Mr.Perera who was suffering from Prostate cancer had PSA value of 280-290 earlier. After eating “Manioc” for more than month he could get the PSA to 5.89.

• Another friend of Dr.Cynthia Jayasooria who had a Liver cancer had a surgery to remove it. After few surgeries done in Sri Lanka they doctors have found in his MRI that still there remaining amount of cancer cell which should be removed surgically. He was advice to get a detailed MRI from India which is not available in Sri Lanka. During this time he used to get this “Manioc” treatment. At the MRI doctors have found that the cancer cells remain in same size during past year without increasing in amount.

Even though this article has not contained scientifically proven ideas, I hope it will help researchers to find a better cure for cancer.

Cure for the Cancer with “Manioc”(Cassava)

Cassava or Manioc

• Order: Malpighiales

• Family: Euphorbiaceae

• Subfamily: Crotonoideae

• Tribe: Manihoteae

• Genus: Manihot

• Species: Manihot esculenta

About Manioc (Cassava) 

The cassava root is long or tapered, with a firm; white color homogeneous flesh encased in a detachable rind, about 1mm thick, rough and brown on the outside. Cassava varieties can be 5 to 10 cm in average diameter at the top, and around 15 cm to 30 cm long.

The flesh can be chalk-white or yellowish

• Rich in starch,

• Calcium (50 mg/100g),

• Phosphorus (40 mg/100g) and

• Vitamin C (25 mg/100g)

• Poor in protein and other nutrients

• Cassava leaves are a good source of protein

• Rich in the amino acid lysine

• Deficient in methionine and possibly tryptophan

Cassava (Manihot esculenta), also called yuca or manioc, a woody shrub of the Euphorbiaceae (spurge family) native to South America, is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. It differs from the similarly-spelled yucca, an unrelated fruit-bearing plant.

Cassava is the third-largest source of carbohydrates for meals in the world. Nigeria is the world's largest producer of cassava. Depending on the level of toxic cyanogenic glucosides, It is classified as sweet or bitter. (However, bitter taste is not always a reliable measure) Improper preparation of cassava can leave enough residual cyanide to cause acute cyanide intoxication and goiters, and has been linked to ataxia or partial paralysis. Nevertheless, farmers often prefer the bitter varieties because they deter pests, animals, and thieves. In some locations the more toxic varieties serve as a fall-back resource (a "food security crop") in times of famine.

Other Names For Cassava o Manioc

Cassava is sometimes spelled cassaba or cassada. In English-language publications, the plant may be occasionally called by local names, such as,

• Mandioca, aipim, or macaxeira (Brazil)

• Yuca (Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia)

• Mandi´o (Paraguay)

• Akpu, ege , ugburu, iwa, nto-roro or ukuduk (Nigeria)

• Bankye (Ghana)

• Bananku (Mali and other parts of West Africa)

• Mogo or mihogo (Swahili-speaking Africa)

• Pondu in (Lingala-speaking Africa)

• Maravalli kilangu : மரவள்ளி கிழங்கு (Tamil)

• Kappa (Malayalam)

• Magngnokka : මඤ්ඤොක්කා (Sri Lanka)

• Singkong (Indonesia)

• Ubi kayu (Malaysia)

• Kamoteng kahoy or balanghoy (Philippines)

• Mushu (China)

• Man sampalang (Thailand)

• Karapendalam (Telegu)

• Củ sắn or khoai mì (Vietnam)

• Man thon (ມັນຕົ້ນ) (Laos)

• Manioke , tapioka or manioka (Polynesia).

Source: http://www.vidusara.com/2011/08/10/viduindex.htm

Keywords: Mesothelioma, Natural Remedies for cancer, Natural Cure for cancer

Migraine-Natural ways of treating migraine and Home Remedy for Migraine

Migraine

Causes & Symptoms of Migraine

Migraine is the name given to severe headaches, normally lasting from 4 to 72 hours. It is mainly felt s pulsing or throbbing in one area of the head. During migraine, there is contraction or dilation of the blood vessels. Some of the factors that can trigger a migraine attack anxiety, stress, lack of food or sleep, exposure to light and hormonal changes (in women). In women, menstruation can also result in migraine. The symptoms of migraine are pain on one side of the head, a short period of depression, irritability and loss of appetite, pounding pain, nausea and vomiting as well as numbness or weakness in an arm or leg or on one side of the face. This severe headache can, however, be cured, naturally using home remedies. Read onto know some of the natural ways of treating migraine.

Home Remedy for Migraine

 

• Migraine can be treated effectively with the help of fresh grape juice. Grind grapes to extract the juice. Consume the juice in the concentrated form, without adding water. 

 

• Increase the intake of niacin (vitamin B3), as it has been found to be helpful in alleviating migraine pain. Some of the foods rich in niacin are yeast, whole wheat, green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, nuts, sunflower seeds, liver and fish.

• Cabbage leaves are helpful in relieving the pain of a migraine headache. Squash cabbage leaves and place them in a cloth. Place the cloth on your forehead for sometime. Once the cabbage leaves become dry, remove the cloth and make a fresh one. 

 

• Lemon peel is helpful in solving migraine headache. Grind lemon peel to form a paste and apply it on the forehead. Let it dry and then rinse off with cool water.

 

• A mixture of carrot juice, either with spinach, beet or cucumber juice, works effectively in curing migraine. Combine 300 ml of carrot juice with 200 ml of any other juice and drink it.

 

• You can also mix 100 ml each of beet and cucumber juices, with 300 ml of carrot juice and drink it on a regular basis.
• Massaging the forehead with primrose oil is beneficial in curing migraine. It works as an excellent anti-inflammatory agent, preventing any kind of constriction in the blood vessels. 

 

• Taking lukewarm water enema is effective. It cleanses the bowels, thereby removing the toxins from the body and helping prevent migraine.
• Take some sandalwood powder and add a few drops of water to it, to form a paste. Apply this paste on the forehead and let it dry. Once dry, rub it off by hand and wash it. 

 

• It is advisable to avoid direct sunlight; smoking and drinking alcohol, as all these can aggravate migraine.