1.
Regarding cell injury and death
a)
Initially there is a reduction
in cell size during cell necrosis
b)
Apoptosis is associated with an
inflammatory response
c)
Necrosis results from caspases
sequestered in mitochondrial membranes
d)
Cellular swelling and fatty
change indicate reversible cell injury
2.
In which of the following organs is steatosis NOT seen
a)
Heart
b)
Kidney
c)
Lung
d)
Liver
3.
Dystrophic calcification can occur in
a)
Coagulative necrosis
b)
Caseous necrosis
c)
Enzyme necrosis of fat
d)
All the above
4.
Cholesterol and its esters are
a)
Metabolised in a loosely
regulated system within cells
b)
Are seen as xanthomas within
monocytes in tendons
c)
Accumulate in macrophages in
the gallbladder known as cholesterosis
d)
Are seen in the media propria
of the aorta in atherosclerosis
5.
Progressive atrophy of the brain in later adult life is thought to be part due
to
a)
Decreased workload
b)
Loss of innervation
c)
Diminished blood supply
d)
Loss of endocrine stimulation
6.
Inflammation is
a)
Fundamentally a destructive
response acutely
b)
Is characterised by exudation
of fluid and migration of neutrophils
c)
Results in scarring thru
regeneration of native parenchymal cells
d)
Is activated by Toll like
receptors on microbes
7.
The most common mechanism for the formation of leaky endothelium in
inflammation is
a)
Endothelial retraction
b)
Direct endothelial injury
c)
Leukocyte mediated endothelial
injury
d)
Endothelial cell contraction
8,Regarding
mediators of inflammation
a)
Histamine is a preformed
vasoactive mediator causing arteriole vasoconstriction
b)
Histamine is considered to be
the principle mediatory of the immediate transient phase of increased vascular
permeability
c)
Nitric oxide has dual actions
in inflammation, it relaxes vascular smooth muscle and also promotes the
cellular response in the inflammatory response
d)
Platelet activating factor is
found unique to platelets
9.
In leukocyte migration thru blood vessels in inflammation
a)
Extravasation of the leukocyte
occurs in the order of: adhesion to the wall, margination and then rolling of
the leucocyte across the endothelial wall.
b)
Selectins are the primary
molecule who play roles with neutrophil activation
c)
Integrins are involved in firm adhesion of the leucocyte to
the cell wall
d)
Endothelial cells will take
6-12hrs before they express their selctin ( E selectin ) in inflammation
10.
Regarding some inflammatory patterns
a)
When mesothelial cells of the
peritoneum, pleural and pericardial linings secrete fluid it is usually of a
fibrinous nature
b)
A serous exudation consists
primarily of neutrophils, liquefactive necrosis and oedematous fluid
c)
When there are large vascular
leaks or an associated procoagulant stimulus you commonly see a suppurative
exudate
d)
Ulcers can only occur when
tissue necrosis and the resultant inflammation is on or near a surface
11.In
chronic inflammation, all are true except
a)
It can be caused by prolonged
exposure to toxic agents
b)
It involves mononuclear
inflammatory cells
c)
It may contribute to the
formation of atherosclerosis
d)
It primarily involves tissue
destruction
12.
The complement system
a)
Most critical step is the
proteolysis of the 3rd component C3 to C3a
b)
Is only involved in innate
immunity reactions
c)
Causes decreased vascular
permeability, chemotaxsis and opsonization of leukocytes
d)
Is a loosely controlled pathway
13,
Regarding wound healing,
a)
The inflammatory response in
primary healing is more intense than in secondary healing
b)
At 1 week , the wound strength
is 20% of that of unwounded skin
c)
Wound contraction is due in
part to fibroblast contraction
d)
In primary union, collagen
fibres appear with granulation tissue
14.The
most important cause of delay of healing is
a)
Inadequate blood supply
b)
Infection
c)
Foreign body presence
d)
Poor nutritional state of the
patient
15.
Regarding the extracellular matrix, which is NOT CORRECT?
a)
Fibronectin in its plasma form
is involved in blood clot stabilisation
b)
Laminin is the most abundant
glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix
c)
Vit D is required for the
hydroxylation of procollagen to collagen
d)
The cross linking of collagen
is important in providing tensile strength to a wound
16.
The causes of liver steatosis do not include:
a)
Alcohol abuse
b)
Protein malnutrition
c)
XI-antitrypsin deficiency
d)
CCl4
17.Regarding
metastatic calcification, which of the following is not a cause?
a)
Renal failure
b)
Paget’s disease
c)
Sarcoidosis
d)
Hypoparathyroidism
18. Depletion
of AtP cause all EXCEPT
a)
efflux of Ca2+
b)
efflux of K
c)
influx of Na+
d)
decrease pH cells
19.The
most common causes of fatty liver in the developed world are
a)
Hypercholesterolaemia and lipid
storage diseases
b)
Alcohol abuse and
hypercholesterolaemia
c)
NAFLD and alcohol abuse
d)
NAFLD and hypercholesterolaemia
20 .Examples of intracellular accumulations of
lipid do NOT include
a)
Niemann-Pick disease type C
b)
Atherosclerosis
c)
Xanthomas
d)
Amyloidosis
21. .Regardig
white cell extravasation in acute inflammation which of the following pairs are incorrect
a)
P selectin: neutrophil rolling
b)
ICAM: neutrophil rolling
c)
E selectin neutrophil rolling
d)
CD34: neutrophil rolling
22.Which
of the following disorders are examples of chronic leukocyte induced injury
a)
Arthritis
b)
Asthma
c)
Atherosclerosis
d)
Septic shock
23.Leukotrienes
does not mediate the following actions
a)
Vasoconstriction
b)
Chemotaxis
c)
Increased vascular permiability
d)
Vasodilatation
24.Which
is NOT true regarding blood clot formation?
a)
The clot contains red cells,
fibrin, fibronectin and complement
b)
Within 24 hours of injury,
macrophages migrate in along the fibrin scaffold
c)
Neutrophils release proteolytic
enzymes that clean out debris and bacteria
d)
Platelet adhesion and
aggregation, and formation of the clot leads to inflammation
25. Which of the following is true about
formation of granulation tissue:
a)
Granulation tissue forms around
day 6 from proliferation of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells
b)
Characteristic histological
feature is presence of new small blood vessels (angiogenesis) and proliferation
of fibroblasts
c)
The new vessels in angiogenesis
are tight and restrict passage of plasma proteins.
d)
There is a similar amount of granulation
tissue in wounds healing by both primary and secondary intention
26. The following complications of healing
are true, except:
a)
Hypertrophic scars result from
accumulation of granulation tissue
b)
Keloid scars grow beyond the
boundaries of the original wound and don't regress
c)
Dehiscence, common after
abdominal surgery, is due to increased abdominal pressure
d)
Wounds can ulcerate because of
inadequate vascularisation
27. Which is NOT true regarding wound
healing?
a)
A scar is composed of fibroblasts,
collagen, elastic tissue and other ECM components.
b)
Wound contraction is important
in healing by secondary intention.
c)
The initial matrix of fibrin,
fibronectin and type I collagen is ultimately replaced by type III collagen.
d)
The tensile strength after one
week in an incisional surgical wound is about 10% of unwounded skin.
28. Which
of the following is not an example of peripheral immunologic tolerance?
a)
Anergy
b)
Thymic deletion
c)
Suppression by regulatory
T-cells
d)
Antigen sequestration
29. Regarding
mitochondrial alterations, which is true?
a)
In cell hypertrophy, there is
corresponding increase in mitochondrial size.
b)
Mitochondrial myopathies are
associated with increased numbers of morphologically abnormal mitochondria
c)
Oncocytomas are malignant
tumours consisting of cells with abundant enlarged mitochondria
d)
Hepatocytes in alcoholic liver
disease assume megamitochondria -> extremely large, normally shaped
mitochondria (abnormal shapes)
30.Regarding
lysosomes which is incorrect?
a)
Primary lysosomes are membrane
bound
b)
Contain hydrolytic enzymes
c)
Are synthesised in the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
d)
May persist in the cell as
residual bodies
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